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Papers Published in the International Journal of Sediment Research Volume 34, No. 1, 2019
2019-01-24


Volume 34, Issue 1

Pages 1-84 (January 2019)

 

Estimation of debris flow discharge coefficient considering sediment concentration

Namgyun Kim, Hajime Nakagawa, Kenji Kawaike, Hao Zhang

Pages 1-7

 

The effects of hydrogen bonding on the shear viscosity of liquid water

Hongwei Fang, Ke Ni, Jian Wu, Jun Li, ... Danny Reible

Pages 8-13

 

Impact of environmental variables on spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading in a mesoeutrophic lake

Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura, Ryszard Go?dyn, Julia Bogucka, Katarzyna Strzelczyk

Pages 14-26

 

Prediction of sedimentation in reservoirs by combining catchment based model and stream based model with limited data

Abebe Tadesse, Wenhong Dai

Pages 27-37

 

Portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of rainfall-runoff, and transport of sediment and pollutants

Julien Boulange, Farag Malhat, Piyanuch Jaikaew, Kazuki Nanko, Hirozumi Watanabe

Pages 38-47

 

Trophic functioning of macrobenthic fauna in a tropical acidified Bornean estuary (Southeast Asia)

Mohammad Belal Hossain

Pages 48-57

 

Partition-coordinated control of soil and water loss for chestnut forests in the Yanshan Mountain Region, China

Xinhui Ding, Guangquan Liu, Xiaoying Liu, Yongsheng Xie, Zhichun Yue

Pages 58-64

 

Assessment of water body change and sedimentation rate in Moulay Bousselham wetland, Morocco, using geospatial technologies

Mounir Karim, Mehdi Maanan, Mohamed Maanan, Hassan Rhinane, ... Lahssen Baidder

Pages 65-72

 

Two-thousand years of debates and practices of Yellow River training strategies

Zhaoyin Wang, Cheng Liu

Pages 73-83

 

Full papers are available at ScienceDirect:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-sediment-research

 

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Mohammad Belal Hossain,
Trophic functioning of macrobenthic fauna in a tropical acidified Bornean estuary (Southeast Asia),
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 48-57,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.002.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917302135)
Abstract: The trophic structure of a community is used to infer ecosystem functioning (e.g. energy transfer and nutrient cycling). Here the trophic structure of the benthic infaunal and epifaunal communities in the Brunei Estuary are characterized, and their distribution along an estuarine pH gradient is analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. This analysis revealed that surface deposit feeders (e.g., polychaetes) were numerically dominant within the infaunal communities whereas in the epifaunal communities filter feeders (e.g., bivalves) were highly abundant. Species richness for almost all trophic groups increased toward the lower estuary, except for omnivores in the epifaunal communities, which decreased markedly. Both Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) detected significant differences in the density of respective trophic groups among stations. Within infaunal communities, both Biological and Environmental procedure (BIO-ENV) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that trophic shifts were associated with environmental gradients. Surface-deposit feeders and omnivores were the most abundant macrobenthos of the upper estuary characterized by low salinity, low pH, and a higher percentage of mud particles. The proportion of filter feeders and carnivores increased with salinity/pH and sand. A more uniform distribution of trophic structure was found in the lower estuary, with high salinity and pH over sandy habitat. In contrast, within epifaunal trophic groups, the percentage of surface deposit feeders and omnivores declined, but filter feeders remarkably increased toward the sea. The proportion of carnivores remained similar at all stations. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) ordination for epifaunal trophic groups clearly demarcated higher salinity/pH stations from lower salinity/pH stations, suggesting different trophic compositions along the estuarine pH gradient.
Keywords: Macrobenthic communities; Trophic structure; Environmental factors; Acidity; Tropical estuary

Xinhui Ding, Guangquan Liu, Xiaoying Liu, Yongsheng Xie, Zhichun Yue,
Partition-coordinated control of soil and water loss for chestnut forests in the Yanshan Mountain Region, China,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 58-64,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.006.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917302883)
Abstract: Soil erosion from chestnut forests is one of the most important factors causing land degradation in the Yanshan Mountain Region. A 2-year field study was done to compare the effects on erosion of a control plot (CP), a repaired and maintained horizontal ditch built with an engineering baffle every 6?m (MP 1), and a repaired and maintained horizontal ditch built with an engineering baffle every 8?m (MP 2). The results showed that the slope runoff of chestnut forests was influenced by rainfall characteristic factors. No single rainfall characteristic factor showed dominance for hill slope runoff. The runoff reduction effect of the partition-coordinated erosion control measures (MP 1 and MP 2) was substantial for chestnut forests under high rainfall intensity conditions. However, the runoff reduction efficiency was higher under the conditions of heavy rainfall and low average rainfall intensity than for storms with higher intensity and lower total rainfall. The reduction effect of the partition-coordinated erosion control measures on the runoff and sediment yield of chestnut forest slopes was MP 2 > MP 1 > CP. The runoff reduction rate and erosion reduction rate of MP 2 reached 61.70% and 97.41%, respectively, and that for MP 1 was 54.15% and 85.31%, respectively. Therefore, after a comprehensive comparison, MP 2 was determined to be more effective for soil erosion control for a sloping chestnut forest.
Keywords: Chestnut forest; Soil and water loss; Erosion control; Runoff reduction rate; Erosion reduction rate

Namgyun Kim, Hajime Nakagawa, Kenji Kawaike, Hao Zhang,
Estimation of debris flow discharge coefficient considering sediment concentration,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 1-7,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.05.003.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918301951)
Abstract: A sabo dam has a purpose to block the path of debris flow. However, when overflow occurs, a sabo dam works as a weir, a vertical obstruction, where the fluid must flow over. Many empirical formulas and discharge coefficients for weirs relating flow depth to discharge have been proposed to calculate overflow discharges. However, only a few studies about overflow discharge coefficients are available in the case of debris flow. In this paper, experiments and numerical simulations were done to estimate debris flow discharge coefficients by considering the sediment concentration. In the numerical simulation, a complete overflow equation and a free overfall equation were implemented to calculate debris overflow discharges at a sabo dam. To determine the discharge coefficients for each equation, single factor regression analysis was used. Laboratory experiments were done to calibrate and to compare with the simulation. Study results showed that the discharge coefficients increase as the sediment concentration increases. This finding suggests debris flow discharge coefficients are derived to calculate the debris overflow discharges at a sabo dam.
Keywords: Numerical simulation; Debris flow; Sabo dam; Discharge coefficient

Zhaoyin Wang, Cheng Liu,
Two-thousand years of debates and practices of Yellow River training strategies,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 73-83,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.006.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303074)
Abstract: Throughout the history of China, the Yellow River has been associated with flood disasters and changes in the course of its lower reaches because of sedimentation. From 602 B.C. to 1949 the river experienced 1593 levee bursts, flooding vast areas, and claiming millions of human lives. The river shifted its main course by avulsion 26 times with the apex around Zhengzhou, resulting in devastating calamities and numerous old channels. Training of the Yellow River has a history of more than 3000?yr. Levee construction has been the major strategy for flood control. Two extremely different strategies has been proposed and practiced in the past 2000 yr, i.e. the “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy and the “narrow river and scouring sediment” strategy. This paper analyzes the levee breaches and flood disasters in the past 2000 yr and compares the results of the two extremely different strategies. The “narrow river and scouring sediment” strategy has only short term effects on levee breach control and flood mitigation. The “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy can essentially mitigate flood disasters and reduce levee breaches for a long term period of time. The “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy has been used and no levee breach has occurred in the past 67?yr, which has been the only periods of more than 50?yr with no levee breaches in the history of the Yellow River since 700?A.D. Modern flood and sedimentation management methods have also been introduced, and the strategy of applying the ‘“widen the river and enhance the levees” approach for the upper and lower reaches management is proposed.
Keywords: Yellow River; Levee breaches; Avulsion; Wide river and depositing sediment strategy; Narrow river and scouring sediment strategy

Julien Boulange, Farag Malhat, Piyanuch Jaikaew, Kazuki Nanko, Hirozumi Watanabe,
Portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of rainfall-runoff, and transport of sediment and pollutants,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 38-47,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.003.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917300173)
Abstract: A low-cost, simple to use portable rainfall simulator is developed for use over a 5?m2 plot. The simulator is easy to transport and assemble in the field, thereby allowing for necessary experimental replicates to be done. It provides rainfall intensities of between 20 and 100?mm/h by changing the number and type of silicon nozzles used. The Christiansen coefficient of uniformities obtained in the field are appropriate and vary from 79 to 94% for rainfall intensities ranging from 30 to 70?mm/h. In addition, the median volumetric drop diameters measured for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70?mm/h are in the lower range of that of natural rainfall and equal to 1.10±0.08, 1.69±0.21, and 1.66±0.20?mm, respectively. The velocities of the raindrops with diameters less than 1.2?mm reached terminal velocities, while raindrops less than 2.0?mm achieved velocities reasonably close to the terminal velocity of natural rainfall. Furthermore, the average time-specific kinetic energy (KET) for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70?mm/h are 257.7, 760.1, and 1645.2?J/m2/h, respectively accounting for about 78.0 and 86.5% of the KET of natural rainfall for 50 and 70?mm/h rainfall intensity, respectively. The applicability of the portable rainfall simulator for herbicide transport study is investigated using two herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor); herbicide losses in runoff and sediment samples are in the ranges reported in the literature. As a percentage of the amount of herbicide applied, 5.29% of atrazine and 2.15% of metolachlor are lost due to combined water and sediment runoff. The results show that the portable rainfall simulator can be effectively used in studying processes such as pesticide runoff, infiltration mechanisms, and sediment generation and transport at a field plot scale with an emphasis on how surface characteristics such as slope and soil properties affect these processes.
Keywords: Rainfall simulator; Rainfall intensity; Raindrop energy; Raindrop size distribution; Rainfall uniformity

Mounir Karim, Mehdi Maanan, Mohamed Maanan, Hassan Rhinane, Henri Rueff, Lahssen Baidder,
Assessment of water body change and sedimentation rate in Moulay Bousselham wetland, Morocco, using geospatial technologies,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 65-72,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.007.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303141)
Abstract: Coastal lagoons have significant biodiversity and ecologic and socio-economic interest. Several resident and migratory birds live in coastal lagoons as well as fish and other aquatic biota. Over the years, lagoons worldwide have been subject to considerable sediment deposition coming especially from soil erosion due of agricultural activities, and the lagoon?s inflows have resulted in an accelerated sedimentation which can drastically affect the aquatic ecosystem balance. A new, fast, and cost-effective approach was developed, using water surface change as a proxy, to evaluate the sediment deposition rate. In the current research, this methodology was applied in the Moulay Bousselham Lagoon in Morocco, and a combination of Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 imagery acquired at four points in time over 30 years (1985–2015) was used. Following geometric correction and enhancement, the interpretation of the acquired images provided important insight on the current conditions of the water surface change using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Several iterations were done to determine a suitable threshold for effective water surface detection. In order to validate the automatically extracted water surface features, many band combinations of Landsat and Sentinel 2 were used as references to run the accuracy assessment. The results show that the Moulay Bousselham Lagoon lost 17.60% (106?ha) of its water surface area, and 530,000?m3 to 1,060,000?m3 of its water volume during the last three decades. Converting water surface loss into sedimentation returned a rate of 0.58?cm/yr. These results have been confirmed by previous field work using sedimentological approaches. Proper management should be applied to sustain the vitality of this lagoon environment.
Keywords: Environmental monitoring; Remote sensing; GIS; Spatial analyst; Human/nature interaction; Sustainability planning

Abebe Tadesse, Wenhong Dai,
Prediction of sedimentation in reservoirs by combining catchment based model and stream based model with limited data,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 27-37,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.001.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917301506)
Abstract: Estimation of sedimentation in reservoirs helps in the management and design of the reservoir?s useful capacity. This research was done on the Awash River basin at the Koka Dam Reservoir in Ethiopia. The method applied was the loose integration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model for the estimation of the sediment load reaching the reservoir. The SWAT model was used for the estimation of erosion at the catchment level, and the HEC-RAS model was applied to estimate the sediment transport in the river channel. The implemented method allows sedimentation in the floodplains and bed shear stress to be considered in the sediment modeling, which cannot be considered in the SWAT model. In addition, the river cross sectional properties and the hydrodynamic processes in the rivers were considered in the modeling process. The data used in this study are a combination of i) observed data collected by government agencies, ii) data available online in data repositories, and iii) data extracted from remote sensing in the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The calibration and validation of the SWAT model was done by using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUIF-2) calibration and validation tools. The HEC-RAS model was calibrated by adjusting the roughness factor. The output from the integrated approaches gives better estimates of flow and sediment near the inlet to the reservoir, with coefficients of determination of 0.85 and 0.67, respectively, and Nash Sutcliffe coefficients of model fit efficiency of 0.90 and 0.62, respectively, for daily simulations.
Keywords: Reservoir sedimentation; Awash River; SWAT; HEC-RAS; Rating curve

Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura, Ryszard Go?dyn, Julia Bogucka, Katarzyna Strzelczyk,
Impact of environmental variables on spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading in a mesoeutrophic lake,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 14-26,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.008.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917301105)
Abstract: Strzeszynskie Lake was formerly a slightly eutrophic (meso-eutrophic) water body. The aim of the current research was to define variables on both spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments at five stations located in zones varying in depth, oxygenation, macrophyte presence, and uses of the neighboring catchment area. Ex situ experiments done with the use of intact bottom sediment cores have shown that the highest phosphorus release occurred in the deepest part of the lake and reached 3.6?mg?P/m2d under anoxic conditions during summer thermal stratification. In turn, the internal loading from littoral sediments, which were well aerated all year round, was clearly lower. Furthermore, phosphorus accumulation in the bottom sediment was observed to reach a maximum of 1.45?mg?P/m2 d in autumn. A comparison of the internal loading intensity in lake zones with different land uses of the neighboring catchment area has shown slightly higher values at stations adjacent to the forest catchment area than those used for recreation. Changes in the land use of the catchment area of Strzeszynskie Lake, especially the increase in impermeable surfaces, have led to an increased inflow of external loads after heavy rains, resulting in deterioration in water quality and a delayed increase in internal loading.
Keywords: Bottom sediments; Interstitial water; Bottom water; Internal loading; Sediment-water interface

Hongwei Fang, Ke Ni, Jian Wu, Jun Li, Lei Huang, Danny Reible,
The effects of hydrogen bonding on the shear viscosity of liquid water,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 8-13,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.008.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918303263)
Abstract: As one of the fundamental physical properties of fluids, viscosity is considered to be the result of intermolecular forces and molecular momentum exchange. In this paper, we assume that hydrogen bonds, as the dominant intermolecular force, dominate the shear viscosity of liquid water and a relationship between the shear viscosity and hydrogen bonding is developed using dimensional analysis, which is further validated by computational chemistry methods. Water, methanol and ethanol are taken as examples to illustrate shear viscosity accounting for intermolecular forces and momentum exchange and their temperature dependence as a result of molecular thermal motions. The calculated shear viscosity of water is consistent with experimental data, which supports the idea that we can use the conceptual model to reveal the nature of shear viscosity.
Keywords: Viscosity; Hydrogen bonding; Liquid water; Dimensional analysis

 

 

 

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